Chinese industry
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Photographic Book China |
The industrial sector in China is, for purposes of government planning, composed of manufacturing, mining, electrical power generation, and building and construction. Between 1965 and 2006 industry’s share of the gross domestic product rose from 39 per cent to 48 per cent, with heavy industry accounting for most of the growth. By the mid-1990s there were more than 300,000 industrial enterprises scattered throughout the country and forming independent, but integrated, regional systems. The large and medium-sized cities, and even many small cities and towns, have built up substantial industrial bases. The iron and steel industry has received priority in China since 1949. The country now produces a great variety of steel products, including tungsten steels, stainless steels, heavy steel plate, and seamless pipe. Dongbei, North China, and the Yangzi Valley are the main producing areas. Major iron and steel mills are located at Anshan, Benxi, Beijing, Baotou, Taiyuan, Wuhan, Ma’anshan, Panzhihua, Chongqing, Shanghai, and Tianjin. In 1995 China produced about 105 million tonnes of pig iron and 95.4 million tonnes of crude steel. Among China’s heavy industries are shipbuilding and the manufacture of locomotives, rolling stock, tractors, mining machinery, power-generating equipment, and petroleum-drilling and refining machinery.
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Various industry |
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The petrochemical industry has plants in most of the provinces and autonomous regions; the major plants are located at Beijing, Shanghai, Lanzhou, Shengli, Yueyang, Anqing, and Guangzhou. Products include synthetic fibres, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. A unique feature of the Chinese petrochemical industry is the widespread presence of small nitrogenous fertilizer factories that use a production technique developed in China, essential to maintain agricultural productivity and food supplies. In 2004 Chinese factories produced 32 million tonnes of fertilizers. |
Industry of China. Britannica picture |
The Chinese textile industry is the largest in the world, employing more than four million workers. Cotton yarn production stood at over 5 million tonnes in 1995. Most of the new cotton-textile mills have been constructed in the cotton-growing areas of Hubei (Hupeh), Hunan, Hebei, and Shaanxi provinces. |
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